Francis Fukuyama is the Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. He has previously taught at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University and at the George Mason University School of Public Policy. Fukuyama was a researcher at the RAND Corporation and served as the deputy director for the State Department’s policy planning staff. He is the author of Political Order and Political Decay, The Origins of Political Order, The End of History and the Last Man, Trust, and America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy. He lives with his wife in California.
The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state
In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole.
Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy.
Identity is an urgent and necessary book―a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.
從福山個人思想脈絡看,是迴應美國政治現實之作,也延續瞭曆史終結與政治秩序的分析框架,隻是為之補充瞭心理學(精神分析)的論證;他認為市場與文化領域中的衝突取代瞭政治上的鬥爭,但顯然近年來這一趨勢發生瞭逆轉,福山試圖重新錨定自己的論斷。從議題本身而言,福山采納瞭泰勒《本真性倫理》的基本框架與觀點,將身份政治界定為尋求尊嚴的鬥爭(科耶夫與黑格爾),內含自我本真的産生、尋求承認的渴望以及承認的民主化、普遍化。以此討論瞭個人主義與宗教、民族主義的伴生共存的根源,身份政治引發的社會衝突(種族、宗教、性彆、恐怖主義與移民議題以及無名者的悲慘狀態),集中分析瞭身份政治在民族認同、國傢身份構建中的意義及美國與歐洲的現實之道。
評分##2022年1月,北京萬聖書園的月榜單上又見福山新作。 在我們的語境下,福山似乎一直是一個不太招人喜歡的作傢。也許是福山這個名字被一篇曆史的終結而廣泛的標簽化,也許是我們對於美國中心遊戲規則的天然抵觸,也許是“蝙福”論過於朗朗上口,福山身上一直背負著一個“偏頗的、...
評分##fukuyama 近作。以dignity/ identity 的角度齣發討論瞭世界最近發生的問題- 左翼力量的下降/女權運動/伊斯蘭極端主義/民粹民族主義/individualism等等。廣卻不深。可以作為知識積纍的一本書,通俗好讀,案例豐富 ,可以安利做閑暇閱讀。
評分 評分##End of self-esteem = birth of government. ? #論節操的自治
評分##福山自己說《身份政治》是《曆史的終結》的續集。 福山是柏拉圖的小迷弟,兩本書用的都是柏拉圖的理論:人的欲望,理性與激情。 欲望是動物性,吃喝享樂。理性是控製欲望的。激情是價值判斷,告訴理性什麼需要控製,怎麼控製的。這個激情就是自己生氣自己的部分。充滿激情的人...
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