Francis Fukuyama is the Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. He has previously taught at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University and at the George Mason University School of Public Policy. Fukuyama was a researcher at the RAND Corporation and served as the deputy director for the State Department’s policy planning staff. He is the author of Political Order and Political Decay, The Origins of Political Order, The End of History and the Last Man, Trust, and America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy. He lives with his wife in California.
The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state
In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole.
Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy.
Identity is an urgent and necessary book―a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.
##最近,不太乐观的国际关系、逐渐崛起的民粹主义,读到的历史资料或者社会新闻,都引我看向一个问题——身份认同,当代人怎么看待自己的国家、种族、阶级、性向?我怎样定义自己,又为何自愿归属于某个集体?福山的新书刚好解惑:“何以至此?为什么人们无法肩负他们自己通过艰...
评分 评分##虽然作者一直在强调identify 和 recognition的重要性和独立性,但是还是隐隐的感觉全球化带来的财富分化和欧洲的经济停滞才是identity politics 发生的根本原因。但是确实正如作者讲得,身份政治具有经济根源,但是一旦被激活其本身就像堡垒一样变得非常坚固,人们脑子里筑起的墙很难再被推倒。 但是作者的药方还是有点苍白啊......
评分##这本书可以看作福山前面几本代表作的续作,为了补充他的“历史终结论”和《最后的人》等相关理论。作者选择暂时性的搁置并弱化经济学的理性选择理论对政治行为动机的解释,而是从人性角度思考,当代的人为何追求身份的归属和认同,并且多数时候人们的追求目标在一般理性看来是...
评分##前四分之三很精彩,把哲学、社会学、心理学等等统一到了Identity的框架下来解释历史如何一步步走到当下。最后提出解决方案的时候却有点力不从心,顶层设计的理想大过社会现实与人性弱点。全球化和互联网是人类从未面对过的挑战,只能hope for the best, prepare for the worst了。
评分我们终其一生都在问一个关于“我是谁”的问题。 家人说:“你是你爸的儿子,你爷爷的孙子,你要给咱家传宗接代。” 宗教说:“你是上帝的儿子,你的使命是在人间传福音。” 资本家说:“你是流水线上的齿轮,是我发家致富的人口红利。” 马克思说:“你是先进的无产阶级,要起...
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