美国公民读本（英汉双语版） 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

　　《美国公民读本（英汉双语版）》是美国著名教育家、历史学家，芝加哥大学第二任校长哈里·Ｐ·贾德森教授为美国教师和学生写作的一本通俗公民读本。它具有双重功能：一方面让学生通过此书得到阅读训练，同时让他们从书中获取更多知识。
　　作为一本公民读本，书中对爱国精神、公民权利与自由、政府机构及其运行、财政税收、公共管理等进行了阐述。当然作者写作此书的本意并非构建一部公民学或历史学的大作，而是一种通俗普及读本。在讲述这些知识时，当然会涉及美国历史，因为书中概括的这些公民常识，都是历史地、动态地形成的，每一个都渊源有自、可成为案例援引。书中各章节还插入了与该时期历史文化相关的美国名家笔下的文学篇章。让本书内容更加丰富而具可读性。
　　正如作者所言："写作此读本，旨在向读者传授纯粹的爱国精神与公民智慧。"国内出版的双语版，也本着两个目的：一是让学生通过阅读，英文水平得到提高；二是拓宽其知识和视野，成为一位卓越的世界公民。

作者简介

作者：(美国)哈里？P？贾德森 译者：洪友 哈里？P？贾德森(1849-1927)美国著名教育家和历史学家、芝加哥大学第二任校长，其研究方向主要为宪法和外交史。 贾德森出生于纽约詹姆斯镇，毕业于威廉姆斯学院，后从事教育工作，1885－1892年在明尼苏达大学担任历史学与教育学教授，后任芝加哥大学政治科学教授兼系主任，以及艺术、文学与科学系教授兼系主任。 芝加哥大学创始人兼校长威廉？哈珀欣赏贾德森教授广博的研究领域与治学风格，邀他加入芝加哥大学。贾德森教授也被哈珀校长卓越的教育规划所吸引。1892年，贾德森从明尼苏达大学来到芝加哥大学，帮助组建芝加哥大学的教育体系与规划，与哈珀共同领导和管理芝加哥大学。1906年哈珀去世，贾德森接任校长，直至1923年退休。 贾德森教授写作了不少著作，除学术之作外，他还为美国学生编写了一些经典读物，如《美国公民读本》和《美国学生文学读本》(1－8级)等。

内页插图

目录

CHAPTER I Our Country
CHAPTER II The Republic
CHAPTER III Laws and Their Makers
CHAPTER IV What We Mean by Government
CHAPTER V How the People of Europe Found America and Came to Live in It
CHAPTER VI National Independence
CHAPTER VII A Federal Republic
CHAPTER VIII American Home Rule
CHAPTER IX The Law-Makers
CHAPTER X How Laws Are Enforced
CHAPTER XI The President's Cabinet
CHAPTER XII How Laws Are Enforced in the States
CHAPTER XIII Judge and Jury
CHAPTER XIV How the Government Gets Money
CHAPTER XV Who We Are
CHAPTER XVI Who Are Our Rulers
APPEND A Brief Account of the Constitution of the United States
PART II 中文阅读
CHAPTER 01 我们的祖国
CHAPTER 02 共和国
CHAPTER 03 法律和立法者
CHAPTER 04 政府对我们的地位是怎样界定的
CHAPTER 05 欧洲人怎样发现美洲并迁居于此
CHAPTER 06 民族独立
CHAPTER 07 一个联邦制的共和国
CHAPTER 08 美国的地方自治
CHAPTER 09 立法者
CHAPTER 10 法律是怎样执行的
CHAPTER 11 总统内阁
CHAPTER 12 法律在各州是怎样执行的
CHAPTER 13 法官和陪审团
CHAPTER 14 政府怎样筹钱
CHAPTER 15 我们是谁
CHAPTER 16 谁统治我们

精彩书摘

　　CHAPTER I　Our Country
　　1. Why We Love Our Country. Every good American citizen loves his country and is proud of it. We have very good reasons both for the love and for the pride. Ours is one of the greatest nations of the world, in area of territory, in number of people, in wealth and in power. We also think that the citizens of the great republic are among the most intelligent in the world. Free public schools make it possible for every one to get some sort of an education, and books and newspapers are found in every home. But better still is the liberty which we enjoy. We have no king or emperor to rule over us. We choose our own officers of state, who, indeed, are not our rulers, but are merely public servants. In some countries the police are constantly interfering with people. A public meeting cannot be held without the consent of the police. The police watch the hotel registers and keep careful track of all strangers. If a club or a debating society is formed, the police have to be notified. Then, too, every young man has to spend several years as a soldier-for most of the nations of Europe keep vast armies always ready for war. Now, with us the policeman and the soldier are much less prominent. As long as one is not a thief or some other sort of criminal, the police let one quite alone. And no one in our country needs to be a soldier at all. Our few soldiers are all volunteers. In short, we live in a free land, in which every one may live his life in his own way, so long as he does not interfere with the rights of his neighbors.
　　2. These are some reasons for loving our country. There are many other reasons too, but perhaps these are enough to show what we mean. Still, it may be as well to add one more-it is our home. There are few words dearer to any genuine man or woman than home. But just as the home is the center of the life of the family, so our country is the center of the nation's life. It is our home land-the land of our fathers and mothers, of our brothers and sisters. And he is a poor ingrate who does not dearly love his home.
　　3. What We Mean by a Patriot. A patriot is one who loves his fatherland-his country. People show patriotism in various ways. In time of war, when the national safety is menaced by a public enemy, men are ready to enter the army and to give their lives, if need be, in defense of their country. A true patriot, too, is pleased by everything which reflects credit on his homeland. He is anxious that its public affairs shall be stained with no meanness or dishonor. He is anxious that its government shall always be just and generous in dealing with the governments of other nations. He does not wish an advantage secured from any other nation, especially from a weaker one, by wanton violence or by fraud. He is delighted with every advance of his country in the arts of civilization, and pained at the triumph of evil men or of vicious measures. And he is always ready to do what he can to make his country better or stronger or safer.
　　4. What a Patriot is Not. We have seen some of the reasons which an American has for being proud of his country. But in order to be a patriot it is not at all necessary to be a boaster. Indeed, a true patriot is so sure of the solid merit of his country that he does not need to say much about it. If a man is in the habit of talking about his own honesty, it leads others to suspect that perhaps after all he is trying to cover up a streak of dishonesty. At any rate, bragging is a weak and foolish habit. And bragging of one's country is quite as foolish as it is for a boy to boast of his father's wealth or of his sister's beauty.
　　5. Neither is it a sign of patriotism to despise other countries. We may love our own the best, but one who does not know that other countries also are great and powerful and famous, is merely very ignorant. If we respect other nations for their good qualities, we are all the better fitted to understand and admire the like qualities in our own.
　　6. Sneering at other races is no sign of patriotism. Boys and girls sometimes are apt to think themselves better than one of their mates who was born in a foreign land, and to show their superiority by using for him some sort of foolish nickname. But this is very silly. Is he a German? The Germans have some of the greatest names and have done some of the greatest deeds in all history. Is he an Italian? Italy is a beautiful land, famous for some of the finest painters and musicians, and for some of the wisest statesmen and the bravest soldiers of any land. Is he a Jew? They are a wonderful people, and a list of the great men who are Jews would be a very long one. Indeed, one may well be glad and proud to belong to any of these races, or of many others which might be mentioned.
　　7.What a Patriot Should Know. It is not enough for a patriot to think that his country is a very good and comfortable land. No opinion is worth much unless it comes from actual knowledge. It is a very commonly observed fact that the more ignorant people are, the more they are stuffed with prejudices. But prejudice is merely a strong opinion which is formed with a very scanty basis of knowledge. Now, in fact, no opinion is worth much, as we said, unless it belongs to one who knows what he is talking about. A jeweler who has spent all his life in a city, probably would not know much about farming. If, then, he should go into the country and begin giving a farmer advice about the management of his crops, the farmer would laugh at him. The jeweler's opinion about repairing a watch would doubtless be better than the farmer's, but, on the other hand, the farmer would be apt to know more about planting corn. In other words, it is knowledge that gives an opinion its value.
　　8. Then, our opinions about our country are not worth very much unless we know something of its history. We ought to know how it is governed, how the laws are made, how they are enforced, what the courts are and how they do their work, what are the rights of a citizen and what are not his rights. We ought to know how our country came to be what it is, who are some of the great men it has produced, and what they have done. With some of this knowledge our opinions are much less likely to be mere prejudices.
　　9. There is another important reason for knowing something about the way in which our country is governed. With us about every man of full age, that is, twenty-one years old or over, is a voter. The most of all public officers are elected. And a voter is not very useful whose ideas of what he is voting for are in a fog. He is easily led by shrewd and unscrupulous demagogues; he is simply a tool, a slave. It is often said that knowledge is power. We might add that knowledge of public affairs is liberty.
　　10. The Flag. Every nation has a flag of its own, with 美国公民读本（英汉双语版） 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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英语教学越来越受到人们的普遍重视。随着时代的发展和社会的进步，英语已从一种工具变成了一种思想，一种知识库。没有掌握英语犹如缺乏一种思想，缺少了一个重要的知识源泉。可以这样说，学会英语，不但多了一双眼睛，一对耳朵，和一条舌头，甚至是多了一个头脑!因为语言是人类思维的工具，认识世界的工具，掌握一种语言也即掌握了一种观察和认识世界的方法和习惯。 从事初中教学工作的我，结合日常工作中的点点滴滴，总结以下几点： 第一：在实践教学中，学生在英语学习中，未切实领会到英语学校的重要性。这成为教学过程中首要要提高学生对学习重要性的认识。尤其中国的学生在英语学习中对口语的重视很不够，给英语的提高带来了很大的阻力。我认为最主要的就是思想认识不够, 也就是轻视口语。很多学生学英语只是为了应对考试,而考试中恰恰没有口语过关这一项, 因此他们认为练习口语是根本没必要的, 而事实上, 也有某些老师也持有这样的观点, 学生口语的好坏并不能说明他们教学水平的高低, 所以在教学中, 他们就自然而然地采用了一些“实用性”的教学手段, 比如做大量的练习题和作业, 而新教材中那些大量的口语练习被他们认为“无用”而被“抛弃”在一边了, 因此,“哑巴英语”并未从根本上解决。学生的自身原因也会影响到口语的练习。其中有很多学生在课堂上根本不张口说英语, 因为他们害怕犯一些语音或语法方面的错误, 害怕暴露自己的弱点, 他们过于在意他人的看法, 在这种情况下, 很自然地就采取了一些极端的做法. 此外, 还有这样的学生, 他们本身性格内向、不愿与人沟通、自卑感强、自信心不足, 即使用汉语交流他们都不愿参加,就更不用说开口说英语了, 这样, 他们越怕越不敢说, 越不敢说越不会说, 长此以往,他们就很难跳出这个“圈”。 第二，针对这种普遍的情况，在实践的英语教学中有一些自己的体会和认识。首先，培养学生对口语的兴趣。兴趣是最好的老师。兴趣不仅会影响到口语练习的效果, 而且关系到学生上课的心情, 对待上课的态度。我们只有想办法使学生对口语产生浓厚的兴趣, 增加口语学习的趣味性, 他们才会积极主动地投入到口语教学中来, 才能激发他们练习口语的动机。其次，合理利用教材, 使教学内容贴近学生生活在教学中, 学生对教学内容是否感兴趣会直接影响到他们的听课状态, 因此, 我们要找学生熟悉、感兴趣的话题, 而且要把教材内容内化成自己的东西, 在变换形式把它们交给学生, 因为我们是在用教材而不是在教教材。现在我们所使用的新教材几乎每一单元都与日常生活相关, 这就为我们的教学提供了很大方便, 起码可以让学生们觉得有话可说。在这种情况下,我们可以适当多加入口语练习这一部分,就他们感兴趣的内容多说多练。 口语的提高不是一蹴而就的, 而是需要长期的训练。教师要时刻对学生进行语音、语调方面的指导, 还要采用多种方式,组织学生进行口语练习。 而且通过这些活动, 可以使每一个学生都能参与到课堂教学中来。最重要的是努力构建一个和谐而融洽的师生关系。我们都了解这样一个简单的道理：如果学生喜欢某一位老师，那他就会喜欢这个老师的一切，包括他的课程，上课的方式方法以及老师的爱好等，即所谓的“亲师性”，那么学生自然就会下大功夫，花大力气来学习这门课程，因而效果比较显著，这大概就是我们常说的“爱屋及乌”吧！反之，如果他们不喜欢某一位老师，由于逆反心理的左右，使得学生也就不愿学，甚至不学这位老师所带的课程，这种现象也是我们平时屡见不鲜的。所以教师要深入到学生中，和学生紧密团结在一起，了解学生的兴趣，爱好，特长以及情绪的变化等，时时处处关心，爱护学生，尊重和理解学生，适时适地地帮助学生，让学生有一种亲近感，这样不仅可以成为他们尊敬的师长，也可以成为亲密无间的朋友。但如果遇到个别有问题、有缺点的学生应及时运用恰当而巧妙的方法加以批评教育，做到既不伤害他们的自尊心，又让他们认识到自己的缺点和不足，以此来促进其改正。这样做定会构建一个和谐而又融洽的师生关系。

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书不错，儿子特别喜欢滴

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介绍美国的一些信息介绍美国的一些信息

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好！！！！！！！！！！！！！

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好看

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有空好好看看

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说实话，书的质量平平

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本书正如作者所言：“写作此读本，旨在向读者传授纯粹的爱国精神与公民智慧。”其实我又想到，我们国家也是可以有一本类似的“中国公民读本”的书，让我们更加增长主人翁的责任与意识！

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可以学习认识美国，走近美国。

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