具体描述
The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state
In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole.
Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy.
Identity is an urgent and necessary book―a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.
用户评价
##前四分之三很精彩，把哲学、社会学、心理学等等统一到了Identity的框架下来解释历史如何一步步走到当下。最后提出解决方案的时候却有点力不从心，顶层设计的理想大过社会现实与人性弱点。全球化和互联网是人类从未面对过的挑战，只能hope for the best, prepare for the worst了。
##fukuyama 近作。以dignity/ identity 的角度出发讨论了世界最近发生的问题- 左翼力量的下降/女权运动/伊斯兰极端主义/民粹民族主义/individualism等等。广却不深。可以作为知识积累的一本书，通俗好读，案例丰富 ，可以安利做闲暇阅读。
##虽然作者一直在强调identify 和 recognition的重要性和独立性，但是还是隐隐的感觉全球化带来的财富分化和欧洲的经济停滞才是identity politics 发生的根本原因。但是确实正如作者讲得，身份政治具有经济根源，但是一旦被激活其本身就像堡垒一样变得非常坚固，人们脑子里筑起的墙很难再被推倒。 但是作者的药方还是有点苍白啊......
##虽然作者一直在强调identify 和 recognition的重要性和独立性，但是还是隐隐的感觉全球化带来的财富分化和欧洲的经济停滞才是identity politics 发生的根本原因。但是确实正如作者讲得，身份政治具有经济根源，但是一旦被激活其本身就像堡垒一样变得非常坚固，人们脑子里筑起的墙很难再被推倒。 但是作者的药方还是有点苍白啊......
##End of self-esteem = birth of government. 😳 #论节操的自治
##只能算是他想要搞清的问题的第一章。追溯身份的政治哲学起源，最终联系起个人与政治的关系，而当代民主制度也由此诞生。但人们其实没有在尊严上达成共识。因为它寄托于道德实践中，也就成了它既是表象又是问题根源的复杂性，而背后施加影响的是社会。上升到国家层面之后，他在认可其必要星的同时揭示了时代背景下身份政治产生的四个问题。我想身份政治其实是不幸沦为贫富分化的一个cry baby了，吸引了过多的注意力。所以福山表扬了奥巴马医保，可惜医保又遭遇身份政治的反噬。如何改善？他提出要构建新的国家身份，不以狭义个体的自然属性或宗教方向来界定的（听起来也挺危险，理论搞不好就会像他说的赫尔曼和他的老师亨廷顿了）。他的一份药方是公共教育。PS，我爱他提及了神话和科幻作品，我在想美学教育是不是药方里的一味成分？
##用这个逻辑是不是也能justify，democracy是某锅中产或受高等教育liberal寻求thymos的工具，过度挑战nationalism话语对底层群众不利？
##还可以，主要还是涉及民族身份认同，其他一笔掠过。讲身份认同的溯源和演变还有thymos蛮有意思的。讲到的ethnolinguistics和身份认同引起些相关思考。
##用“身份政治”来解释HK废青暴动，倒是很贴切。