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編輯推薦

　　THE ANNUAL labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniencies of life which it annually consumes， and which consist always either in the immediate produce of that labour， or in what is purchased with that produce from other nations.
　　According， therefore， as this produce， or what is purchased with it， bears a greater or smaller proportion to the number of those who are to consume it， the nation will be better or worse supplied with all the necessaries and conveniencies for which it has occasion.

內容簡介

　　1776年，西方經濟學之父亞當·斯密發錶《國富論》，批駁瞭傳統學說占主導地位的重商主義、重農主義，首次提齣自由貿易、勞動價值觀和勞動分工將極大地提高生産效率的觀點，既在理論上為西方現代經濟學奠定瞭基礎，也為世界自由資本主義_的發展掃清瞭障礙。亞當，斯密的同道馬爾薩斯依據這一學說探討瞭人口過剩問題，大衛·李嘉圖提齣工資鐵律，進一步將其理論整閤為古典經濟學，由此標誌瞭經濟學作為一門獨立學科的誕生。著名翻譯傢嚴復將此書譯作《原富》，在我國學術界及現代史上影響至深至巨。
　　《國富論》被譽為西方經濟學的《聖經》、影響世界曆史的十大著作之一和一百部影響人類文化的著作之一；1986年，法國《讀書》雜誌還將其推薦為“理想藏書”。

作者簡介

　　ADAM SMITH （1723-I790） was a Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer ofpolitical economy. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment， Smithis the author of The Theoryof Moral Sentiments and An Inqunyinto the Naarre and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The latter， usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations，is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. It earned him an enormous reputation and would become one ofthe most influential works on economics ever published Smithis widely cited as the father of modern economics and capitalism.

內頁插圖

目錄

INTRODUCTION AND PLAN OF THE WORK

BOOK Ⅰ. OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE
PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR,AND OF THE
ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE
IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AM'ONG THE
DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES
OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅲ. THAT THE DIVISION OF LABOUR IS LIMITED BY THE EXTENT OF THE MARKET
CHAPTER Ⅳ. OF THE ORIGIN AND USE OF MONEY
CHAPTER Ⅴ. OF THE REAL AND NOMINAL PRICE OF COMMODITIES, OR OF THEIR PRICE IN LABOUR, AND THEIR PRICE IN MONEY
CHAPTER Ⅵ. OF THE COMPONENT PART OF THE PRICE OF COMMODITIES
CHAPTER Ⅶ. OF THE NATURAL AND MARKET PRICE OF COMMODITIES
CHAPTER Ⅷ. OF THE WAGES OF LABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅸ. OF THE PROFITS OF STOCK
CHAPTER Ⅹ. OF WAGES AND PROFIT IN THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF LABOUR AND STOCK
CHAPTER XL OF THE RENT OF IAND

BOOK Ⅱ. OF THE NATURE, ACCUMULATION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK
CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF MONEY, CONSIDERED AS APARTICUIAR BRANCH OF THE GENERAL STOCK OF THE SOCIETY, OR OF THE EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
CHAPTER Ⅲ. OF THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL, OR OF PRODUCTIVE AND UNPRODUCTIVE ABOUR
CHAPTER Ⅳ. OF STOCK LENT AT INTEREST
CHAPTER Ⅴ. OF THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF CAPITALS

BOOK Ⅲ. OF THE DIFFERENT PROGRESS
OF OPULENCE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE NATURAL PROGRESS OF OPULENCE
CHAPTER Ⅱ. OF THE DISCOURAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ANCIENT STATE OF EUROPE, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
CHAPTER Ⅲ. OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF CITIES AND TOWNS, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
CHAPTER Ⅳ. HOW THE COMMERCE OF TOWNS CONTRIBUTED TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE COUNTRY

BOOK Ⅳ. OF SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
CHAPTER Ⅰ. OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE COMMERCIAL OR MERCANTILE SYSTEM
……

BOOK Ⅴ. OF THE REVENUE OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH

精彩書摘

nominal price， in the quantity of money The labourer is rich or poor，is well or ill rewarded， in proportion to the real， not to the nominal price of his labour.
The distinction between the real and the nominal price of commodities and labour is not a matter of mere speculation， bur:may sometimes be of considerable use in practice. The same real price is always of the same value; but on account of the variations in the value of gold and silver， the same nominal price is sometimes of very different values. When a landed estate， therefore， is sold with a reservation of a perpetual rent， if it is intended that this rent should always be of the same value， it is of importance to the family in whose favour it is reserved， that it should not consist in a particular sum of money. Its value would in this case be liable to variations of two different kinds: first， to those which arise from the different quantities of gold and silver which are contained at different times in coin of the same denomination; and， secondly， to those which arise from the different values of equal quantities of gold and silver at different times.
Princes and sovereign states have frequently fancied that they had a temporary interest to diminish the quantity of pure metal contained in their coins; but they seldom have fancied that they had any to augment it. The quantity of metal contained in the coins， I believe of all nations， has accordingly been almost continually diminishing， and hardly ever augmenting. Such variations， therefore， tend almost always to diminish the value of an rent.
The discovery of the mines of America diminished the value of gold and silver in Europe. This dinunution，it is commonly supposed， though I apprehend without any certain proof， is still going on gradually， and is likely to continue to do so for a long time. Upon this supposition， therefore， such variations are more likely to diminish than to augrent the value of a money rent， even though it should be stipulated to be paid， not in such a quantity of coined money of such a denomination （in so many pounds sterling， for example）， but in so many ounces， either of pure silver， or of silver of a certain standard.
The rents which have been reserved in corn， have preserved their value much better than those which have been reserved in money， even where the denomination of the coin has not been altered. By the 18th of Elizabeth， it was enacted， that a third of the rent of all college leases should be reserved in com， to be paid either in kind， or according to the current prices at the nearest public market. The money arising from this corn rent， though originally but a third of the whole， is， in the present times， according to Dr. Blackstone， commonly near double of what arises from the other two-thirds. The old money rents of colleges must， according to this account， have sunk almost to a fourth part of their anaent value， or are worth little more than a fourth part of the corn which they were formerly wotth. But since the reign of Philip and Mary， the denomination of the English coin has undergone little or no alteration， and the same number of pounds， shillings， and pence， have contained very nearly the same quantity of pure silver. This degradation， therefore， in the value of the money rents of colleges， has arisen altogether from the degradation in the price of silver.
……

前言/序言

unll
國富論（英文版） 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書 格式

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讀國富論（英文版） %D%A %D%A%D%A%D%A 　　1776年，西方經濟學之父亞當·斯密發錶《國富論》，批駁瞭傳統學說占主導地位的重商主義、重農主義，首次提齣自由貿易、勞動價值觀和勞動分工將極大地提高生産效率的觀點，既在理論上為西方現代經濟學奠定瞭基礎，也為世界自由資本主義_的發展掃清瞭障礙。亞當，斯密的同道馬爾薩斯依據這一學說探討瞭人口過剩問題，大衛·李嘉圖提齣工資鐵律，進一步將其理論整閤為古典經濟學，由此標誌瞭經濟學作為一門獨立學科的誕生。著名翻譯傢嚴復將此書譯作《原富》，在我國學術界及現代史上影響至深至巨。　　《國富論》被譽為西方經濟學的《聖經》、影響世界曆史的十大著作之一和一百部影響人類文化的著作之一；1986年，法國《讀書》雜誌還將其推薦為“理想藏書”。%D%A%D%A後感悟，我認為讀書的意義在於吸收前人的智慧，在於悟。當然還有一些工具性意義，比如就業、比如提高自己的社會定位以及自我定位等。附帶意義也很多，但不具不可替代性，比如在社會混不去讀書的人也能明事理、賺大錢。（1）適於深入地思考和理解；(2)便於反復讀和熟讀；（3）可以作為“伴侶”隨身攜帶，便於隨時學及時請教；（4）曆來有“圖書館是知識的寶庫”之說，的確如此，讀書能知天下事。讀書的目的很多，主要是為瞭取樂、消造、提高教養水平、搞研究、加強修養。培根在《論求知》中有言道：“讀書可以作為消遣，可以作為裝飾，也可以增長纔乾。”我認為，他所闡述的讀書的三種用途，恰到好處的概括瞭讀書的三種意義。先來看作為消遣一說。這是人們讀書開始與煩躁時所抱有的思想。初學者對知識並無渴求之感，讀書之意義也就是消磨時光；而煩躁之人因無法靜下心來讀書，感到事物都無聊透頂，便也用讀書來打發時光。殊不知，這樣的讀書意義便像學者們講述“道，可道，非常道”一樣，與讀書的本質大相徑庭，差距頗多。書到用時方恨少，事非經過不知難。終於買的書送到瞭。很滿意。 \N\N《學記》曰：“是固教然後知睏，學然後知不足也。”對於我們教師而言，要學的東西太多，而我知道的東西又太少瞭。有人說，教給學生一杯水，教師應該有一桶水。這話固然有道理，但一桶水如不再添，也有用盡的時候。愚以為，教師不僅要有一桶水，而且要有“自來水”、“長流水”。“問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來”，“是固教然後知睏，學然後知不足也”。因此，在教學中，書本是無言的老師，讀書是我教學中最大的樂趣。　比知識更重要的是方法，有方法纔有成功的路徑。教師今天的學習主要不是記憶大量的知識，而是掌握學習的方法——知道為何學習？從哪裏學習？怎樣學習？如果一個老師沒有掌握學習方法，即使他教的門門功課都很優異，他仍然是一個失敗的學習者。因為這對於處在終身學習時代的人來說，不啻是一個緻命的缺陷。學習型社會為全體社會成員提供瞭充裕的學習資源。學習化社會中的個體學習，猶如一個人走進瞭自助餐廳，你想吃什麼，完全請便。個體完全可以針對自身的切實需求，選擇和決定學習什麼、怎樣學習、學習的進度等等。比方法更重要的是方嚮。在知識經濟大潮中，作為一名人民教師，應該認準自己的人生坐標，找準自己的價值空間。教書的生活雖然清貧，但一本好書會使我愛不釋手，一首好詩會使我如癡如醉，一篇美文會使我百讀不厭。我深深地知道，隻有樂學的教師，纔能成為樂教的教師；隻有教者樂學，纔能變成為教者樂教，學者樂學，纔能會讓學生在歡樂中生活，在愉快中學習，這就是我終身從教的最大追求。比方嚮更重要的是態度，比態度更重要的是毅力。“任爾東南西北風，咬定青山不放鬆。”一天愛讀書容易，一輩子愛讀書不易。任何人都可以使夢想成為現實，但首先你必須擁有能夠實現這一夢想的信念。有信念自有毅力，有毅力纔能成功。有一位教育傢說過，教師的定律，一言以蔽之，就是你一旦今日停止成長，明日你就將停止教學。身為教師，必須成為學習者。“做一輩子教師”必須“一輩子學做教師”。教師隻有再度成為學生，纔能與時俱進，不斷以全新的眼光來觀察和指導整個教育過程。使廣大教師牢固樹立終身學習的理念，創造性地開展教書育人工作。常讀書使我明白瞭許多新道理：教學不再是簡單的知識灌輸、移植的過程

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