湍流 [Turbulent Flows] 下載 mobi epub pdf 電子書 2024

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內容簡介

《湍流》是一部研究生湍流教程，是以作者在Cornell大學數年的教學講義為基礎，用新穎的觀點，全麵綜閤講述湍流這一流體動力學的重要組成部分。全書的內容分為兩個組成部分，並且附有大量的附錄，一部分集中介紹湍流的基本知識，其工作原理，以及如何量化，也包括基本物理過程；第二部分介紹瞭跟湍流模型和模擬有關的各種方法；附錄部分增加瞭理解《湍流》所必需的數學技巧。目次：（一部分）基礎：導引；流體運動方程；湍流的統計描述；均值流動方程；自由剪切流；湍流運動尺度；壁流；（第二部分）模型和仿真：模型和仿真引入；直接數值模擬；湍流渦粘度模型；雷諾應力及其相關模型；PDF方法；大渦模擬；（第三部分）附錄。
讀者對象：適用於工程運用物理專業研究生水平的學生，應用數學專業，物理，海洋學、大氣科學等方嚮的科研人員。

作者簡介

作者：（美國）波普（StephenB.Pope）

內頁插圖

目錄

List of tables
Preface
Nomenclature
PART ONE： FUNDAMENTALS
1 Introduction
1.1 The nature of turbulent flows
1.2 The study of turbulent flows

2 The equations of fluid motion
2.1 Continuum fluid properties
2.2 Eulerian and Lagrangian fields
2.3 The continuity equation
2.4 The momentum equation
2.5 The role of pressure
2.6 Conserved passive scalars
2.7 The vorticity equation
2.8 Rates of strain and rotation
2.9 Transformation properties

3 The statistical description of turbulent flows
3.1 The random nature of turbulence
3.2 Characterization of random variables
3.3 Examples of probability distributions
3.4 Joint random variables
3.5 Normal and joint-normal distributions
3.6 Random processes
3.7 Random fields
3.8 Probability and averaging

4 Mean-flow equations
4.1 Reynolds equations
4.2 Reynolds stresses
4.3 The mean scalar equation
4.4 Gradient-diffusion and turbulent-viscosity hypotheses

5 Free shear flows
5.1 The round jet： experimental observations
5.2 The round jet： mean momentum
5.3 The round jet： kinetic energy
5.4 Other self-similar flows
5.5 Further observations

6 The scales of turbulent motion
6.1 The energy cascade and Kolmogorov hypotheses
6.2 Structure functions
6.3 Two-point correlation
6.4 Fourier modes
6.5 Velocity spectra
6.6 The spectral view of the energy cascade
6.7 Limitations， shortcomings， and refinements

7 Wall flows
7.1 Channel flow
7.2 Pipe flow
7.3 Boundary layers
7.4 Turbulent structures

PART TWO： MODELLING AND SIMULATION
8 An introduction to modelling and simulation
8.1 The challenge
8.2 An overview of approaches
8.3 Criteria for appraising models

9 Direct numerical simulation
9.1 Homogeneous turbulence
9.2 Inhomogeneous flows
9.3 Discussion

10 Turbulent-viscosity models
10.1 The turbulent-viscosity hypothesis
10.2 Algebraic models
10.3 Turbulent-kinetic-energy models
10.4 The k-εmodel
10.5 Further turbulent-viscosity models

11 Reynolds-stress and related models
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The pressure-rate-of-strain tensor
11.3 Return-to-isotropy models
11.4 Rapid-distortion theory
11.5 Pressure-rate-of-strain models
11.6 Extension to inhomogeneous flows
11.7 Near-wall treatments
11.8 Elliptic relaxation models
11.9 Algebraic stress and nonlinear viscosity models
11.10 Discussion

12 PDF methods
12.1 The Eulerian PDF of velocity
12.2 The model velocity PDF equation
12.3 Langevin equations
12.4 Turbulent dispersion
12.5 The velocity-frequency joint PDF
12.6 The Lagrangian particle method
12.7 Extensions
12.8 Discussion

13 Large-eddy simulation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Filtering
13.3 Filtered conservation equations
13.4 The Smagorinsky model
13.5 LES in wavenumber space
13.6 Further residual-stress models
13.7 Discussion

PART THREE： APPENDICES
Appendix .4 Cartesian tensors
A.1 Cartesian coordinates and vectors
A.2 The definition of Cartesian tensors
A.3 Tensor operations
A.4 The vector cross product
A.5 A summary of Cartesian-tensor suffix notation
Appendix B Properties of second-order tensors
Appendix C Dirac delta functions
C.1 The definition of δ（x）
C.2 Properties of rS（x）
C.3 Derivatives of rS（x）
C.4 Taylor series
C.5 The Heaviside function
C.6 Multiple dimensions
Appendix D Fourier transforms
Appendix E Spectral representation of stationary random processes
E.1 Fourier series
E.2 Periodic random processes
E.3 Non-periodic random processes
E.4 Derivatives of the-process
Appenthix F The discrete Fourier transform
Appendix G Power-law spectra
Appendix H Derivation of Eulerian PDF equations
Appendix I Characteristic functions
Appendix J Diffusion processes
Bibliography
Author index
Subject index

前言/序言

　　This book is primarily intended as a graduate text on turbulent flows forengineering students，but it may also be valuable to students in atmosphericsciences，applied mathematics，and physics，as well as to researchers andpracticing engineers.
　　The principal questions addressed are the following.
　　（i) how do turbulent flows behave？
　　（ii）HOW can they be described quantitativelv？
　　（iii）What are the fundamental physical processes involved？
　　（iv）HOW can equations be constructed to simulate or model the behaviorof turbulent flows？In 1 972 Tennekes and Lumley produced a textbook that admirably ad. dresses the first three of these questions .In the intervening years. due inpart to advances in computing，great strides have been made toward pro-viding answers to the fourth question. Approaches such as Reynolds-stressmodelling，probability-density-function（PDF）methods，and large-eddy sim-ulation（LES）have been developed that，to an extent，provide quantitativemodels for turbulent flows.Accordingly，here（in Part II）an emphasis isplaced on understanding how model equations can be constructed to de.scribe turbulent flows：and this objective provides focus to the first threequestions mentioned above（which are addressed in Part I）.However，incontrast to the book by Wilcox f1993），this text iS not intended to be apractical guide to turbulence modelling.Rather，it explains the concepts anddevelops the mathematical tools that underlie a broad range of approaches.There iS a vast literature on turbulence and turbulent flows，with manyworthwhile questions addressed by many difierent approaches.

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