逾渗（第2版）（英文版） [Percolation] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

This book is about the mathematics of percolation theory，with the emphasis upon presenting the shortest rigorous proofs of the main facts.I have made certain sacrifices in order to maximize the accessibility of the theory，and the major one has been to restrict myself almost entirely to the special case of bond percolation on the cubic lattice Zd.Thus there is only little discussion of such processes as continuum，mixed，inhomogeneous，long-range， first-passage，and oriented percolation.Nor have I spent much time or space on the relationship of percolation to statistical physics，infinite particle systems，disordered media，reliability theory，and so on.With the exception of the two final chapters，I have tried to stay reasonably close to core material of the sort which most graduate students in the area might aspire to know.No critical reader will agree entirely with my selection，and physicists may sometimes feel that my intuition is crooked.

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目录

1 What is Percolation？
1.1 Modelling a Random Medium
1.2 Why Percolation？
1.3 Bond Percolation
1.4 The Critical Phenomenon
1.5 The Main Questions
1.6 Site Percolation
1.7 Notes

2 Some Basic Techniques
2.1 Increasing Events
2.2 The FKG Inequality
2.3 The BK Inequality
2.4 Russo's Formula
2.5 Inequalities of Reliability Theory
2.6 Another Inequality
2.7 Notes

3 Critical Probabilities
3.1 Equalities and Inequalities
3.2 Strict Inequalities
3.3 Enhancements
3.4 Bond and Site Critical Probabilities
3.5 Notes

4 The Number of Open Clusters per Vertex
4.1 Definition
4.2 Lattice Animals and Large Deviations
4.3 Differentiability of K
4.4 Notes

5 Exponential Decay
5.1 Mean Cluster Size
5.2 Exponential Decay of the Radius Distribution beneath Pe
5.3 Using Differential Inequalities
5.4 Notes

6 The Subcritical Phase
6.1 The Radius of an Open Cluster
6.2 Connectivity Functions and Correlation Length
6.3 Exponential Decay of the Cluster Size Distribution
6.4 Analyticity of K and X
6.5 Notes

7 Dynamic and Static Renormalization
7.1 Percolation in Slabs
7.2 Percolation of Blocks
7.3 Percolation in Half-Spaces
7.4 Static Renormalization
7.5 Notes

8 The Supercritical Phase
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Uniqueness of the Infinite Open Cluster
8.3 Continuity of the Percolation Probability
8.4 The Radius of a Finite Open Cluster
8.5 Truncated Connectivity Functions and Correlation Length
8.6 Sub-Exponential Decay of the Cluster Size Distribution
8.7 Differentiability of
8.8 Geometry of the Infinite Open Cluster
8.9 Notes

9 Near the Critical Point： Scaling Theory
9.1 Power Laws and Critical Exponents
9.2 Scaling Theory
9.3 Renormalization
9.4 The Incipient Infinite Cluster
9.5 Notes

10 Near the Critical Point：Rigorous Results
10.1 Percolation on a Tree
10.2 Inequalities for Critical Exponents
10.3 Mean Field Theory
10.4 Notes

11 Bond Percolation in Two Dimensions
12 Extensions of Percolation
13 Pereolative Systems
Appendix Ⅰ The Infinite-Volume Limit for Percolation
Appendix Ⅱ The Subadditive Inequality
List of Notation
References
Index of Names
Subject Index

前言/序言

逾渗（第2版）（英文版） [Percolation] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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逾渗理论是处理强无序和具有随机几何结构系统常用的理论方法之一。这一理论的研究中心内容是：当系统的成分或某种意义上的密度变化达到一定值（称为逾渗阈值）时，在逾渗阈值处系统的一些物理性质会发生尖锐的变化，即在逾渗阈值处，系统的一些物理现象的连续性会消失（而从另一方面看，则是突然出现）。 逾渗转变，指的是在庞大无序系统中随着联结程度，或某种密度、占据数、浓度的增加（或减少）到一定程度，系统内突然出现（或消失）某种长程联结性，性质发生突变，我们称发生了逾渗转变，或者说发生了尖锐的相变。正是这种逾渗转变，使之成为描述多种不同现象的一个自然模型，用于阐明相变和临界现象的一些最重要的物理概念，其中许多概念对非晶态固体（高分子材料是典型的一种）是十分有用的。逾渗理论的重要实际意义，在于它可广泛应用于说明众多物理、化学、生物及社会现象，迄今其应用范围还在不断扩大。表5-1列举了十五种不同的现象，都是已采用逾渗模型加以分析的。

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表5-1的下部列出了逾渗理论对非晶态固体的应用。请注意逾渗现象与电子定域问题（非晶态固体的迁移率或安德森转变）以及原子定域问题（玻璃化转变）的联系，二者均属于凝聚态物理现象，其特征长度的典型值为10-8—10-2cm。非晶态固体是逾渗理论概念的一个富有成果的应用领域，它提供了一个具有丰富的无规结构的自然对象。在这里，拓朴无序起着至关重要的作用。对聚合物科学而言，逾渗理论可用于阐明玻璃化转变、溶胶-凝胶转变（见图5-11，它是一种特殊类型的玻璃化转变）等相变过程，也可用于说明聚合物功能化和高性能化改性研究中（如导电、导磁、发光、阻燃、组装、共聚、共混、复合、增韧、交联、碳黑增强、凝胶化、IPN等）各式各样的临界现象及其中最重要的物理概念。导电粒子填充的聚合中,当填充粒子达到一定的浓度时,体系的电导率发生突变,称为逾渗现象。这和贯穿于体系的导电网络形成直接相关，并依赖于基体的自身特性、加工条件等因素。解释逾渗现象的理论模型主要有基于几何学的唯象理论和基于热力学的理论模型导电逾渗阀值:就是能够起到导电作用所需要添加的最低导电材料的量，开展烟气的脱硫脱硝及固体废弃物（垃圾、污泥）的焚烧处理的研究，并对""理论变技术、技术变产品""的科研模式进行探索。

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