《WTO法律規則（英文版）》主要是根據高等院校國際經濟與貿易專業《WTO法律規則》（英文版）雙語課程教學的要求而編寫，兼顧瞭法學專業、商務英語、國際金融等專業相關課程教學的需要，同時也可以作為社會各界，特彆是與WTO業務相關或對WTO業務感興趣的專業人士，訓練使用英語研究WTO有關法律文件，閱讀WTO英文原著文章，用英文處理WTO實際問題的精讀材料；可以作為WTO各類專業人纔係列培訓、研討活動的教材或參考資料，以及WTO法律英語愛好者的自學教材。

內容簡介

中國作為WTO的正式成員，既要享受應有權利，充分利用半個多世紀以來以來WTO為核心形成的多邊貿易體製和貿易自由化的優秀成果，參與世界市場經濟全球化的發展進程；又要承擔相應義務，切實履行我國政府在人世談判中的對外承諾，恪守WTO的基本規則和各項協定。因此，研究WTO有關規則、學習WTO專業知識、掌握WTO基本理念、培養WTO專業人纔，成為擺在我們麵前的一個長期的重要任務。正是在這樣的背景下，編者編寫瞭此書。《WTO法律規則》既考慮瞭世界貿易組織（WTO）概論課程的特點，又努力滿足WTO法律規則與實務課程的需要，試圖找到介紹WTO概況與探討其法律製度的某種平衡，因此是一個探討和嘗試。

作者簡介

Xuesen Zhang，LL.D， East China University of Political Science and Law， Arbitrator， Senior Economist， Associate Professor of Law， Director of the Law Faculty，Shanghai Finance University
Gary D. Patterson，J.D， Western State University College of Law at Fullerton， Professor， California State University at San Bernardino， Adjunct Professor， University of California at Riverside

Chapter One Theoretical Basis of the WTO
1.1 The Theory of Comparative Advantage
1.1.1 Basics of the Theory
1.1.2 Historical Overview
1.1.3 David Ricardos Numerical Example
1.1.4 The Ricardian Model Assumptions and Results

1.2 The Theory of Market Economy
1.2.1 Spontaneous Order or “Invisible Hand”
1.2.2 Free Market Economy
1.2.3 Government Intervention
1.2.4 Criticism of Market Economy

1.3 The Theory of Sustainable Development
1.3.1 Scope and Definitions
1.3.2 History of Sustainable Development as a Policy Concept
1.3.3 The Earth Summit and Environmental Sustainability
1.3.4 WTO and Sustainable Development
CASE STUDY
CS 1.1 True Meaning and Intuition of the Theory of Comparative Advantage
CS 1.2 Chinas Market Economy Status（MES）
Chapter Two Development of the WTO

Chapter Two Development of the WTO
2.1 Basics of the WTO
2.1.1 The WTO in Brief
2.1.2 The Multilateral Trading System
2.1.3 The GATT Years： from Havana to Marrakesh

2.2 Development of the WTO
2.2.1 The 1947 GATT Agreement
2.2.2 GATT Multilateral Trade Negotiation Meetings
2.2.3 Uruguay Round and the World Trade Organization

2.3 The Organization of the WTO
2.3.1 Introduction to WTO Organization
2.3.2 WTO Organization Chart
2.3.3 Membership， Alliances and Bureaucracy
2.3.4 The Secretariat Chart
2.3.5 Special Policies

2.4 China and WTO
2.4.1 Chinas WTO Entry
2.4.2 The Right-and-Duty Balance in the WTO
CASE STUDY
CS 2.1 Doha Development Round

Chapter Three Basic Principles of the WTO
3.1 Reciprocity
3.1.1 Two Folds of Reciprocity
3.1.2 WTO Rules of Reciprocity
3.1.3 Theoretical Interpretation of Reciprocity

3.2 Non-discrimination
3.2.1 Most-favoured-nation （MFN）
3.2.2 National Treatment： Treating Foreigners and Locals Equally
3.3 Liberalization of Trade
3.3.1 Liberalization for Goods
3.3.2 Liberalization for Services
3.3.3 Limits to Liberalization

3.4 Transparency
3.4.1 Introduction to Transparency
3.4.2 Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations
3.4.3 Transparency Rules for GATS
3.4.4 Transparency Rules for TRIPS
3.4.5 Trade Policy Review Mechanism （ "TPRM" ）
CASE STUDY
CS 3.1 MFN Exception： Promotion of Regional Intergration-Custom Unions
CS 3.2 National Treatment

Chapter Four Trade in Goods
4.1 Basics of Trade in Goods
4.1.1 GATT 1994
4.1.2 Interpretation of GATT 1994 Articles
4.1.3 Basic Principles of the GATT 1947/1994

4.2 Tariff Concessions
4.2.1 Tariffs： More Bindings and Closer to Zero
4.2.2 Tariff Cuts
4.2.3 More Bindings
4.2.4 Tariffs and Agriculture

4.3 Non-tariff Measures
4.3.1 Standards and Safety
4.3.2 Import Licensing： Keeping Procedures Clear
4.3.3 Rules for the Naluation of Goods at Customs
4.3.4 Preshipment Inspection： a Further Check on Imports
4.3.5 Rules of Origin
4.3.6 Investment Measures： Reducing Trade Distortions

4.4 Trade in Specific Products
4.4.1 Textiles and Clothing
4.4.2 Information Technology Agreement
CASE STUDY
CS 4.1 Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
CS 4.2 Safeguard

Chapter Five Agriculture Agreement
5.1 Basics of Trade in Agriculture
5.1.1 New Rules
5.1.2 Market Access
5.1.3 Domestic Support
5.1. 4 Export Subsidies： Limits on Spending and Quantities
5.1.5 The Least-developed and Those Depending on Food Imports

5.2 Understanding the Agriculture Agreement
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Market Access
5.2.3 Domestic Support
5.2.4 Export Competition/Subsidies
5.2.5 Other Issues
5.2.6 Net Food-Importing Developing Countries
5.2.7 Summary

5.3 The Agriculture Negotiations
5.3.1 The Doha Mandate
5.3.2 The Current Negotiations
CASE STUDY
CS 5.1 Japan-Import Quotas on Dried Laver and Seasoned Laver （DS323）
CS 5.2 European Communities-Protection of Trademarks and Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs （DS174， 290）

Chapter Six Trade Remedy Measures
6.1 Safeguards
6.1.1 Safeguards： Emergency Actions for Imports of Particular Products

Chapter Seven Trade in Services
Chapter Eighe Intellectual Property Rights
Chapter Nine Otheer New Issues of the WTO
Chapter Ten Procedural Rules of the WTO
Annex Ⅰ Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
Annex Ⅱ Protocol on the Accession of the Peoples Republic 0f China
Bibliography

精彩書摘

9.2.5 Conclusions
The motivation for this policy brief has been to consider whether intemational labor standards should be incorporated into the WTO and other trade agreements.The empirical literature summarized above suggests that mandating unsustainably high labor standards will not improve average wages and working conditions in poor countries. In fact， such mandates can both reduce the number of workers with better pay and working conditions and increase the number in poorer conditions， hence creating further inequality. The literature also shows that low labor standards do not provide developing countries with an unfair advantage in their export trade nor do they drive FDI. Hence， raising labor standards in poor countries will not protect jobs of workers in industrialized countries. What then should be done on the global level？
If one looks at the economic development of the United States， Western Europe， Japan and other advanced industrialized countries over the past century， it is evident that the real incomes of workers have increased dramatically and that the conditions of work have improved concomitantly. In recent decades， there have been similar improvements in a substantial number of developing countries，especially in East and Southeast Asia as well as in Latin America. What the historical record suggests therefore is that it is not through the external enforcement of labor standards that improvements have been realized， but through internal economic and social development and growth in a countrys GNP. This means that governments in poor countries must implement solid growth strategies and target policies to eradicate poverty. Governments in rich countries can also help increase demand for poor countries output by reducing the barriers to imports from these countries. Finally， conscientious consumers in rich countries can also play a small role in increasing demand for products that are not produced by children or sweatshops， while MNCs can ensure their affiliates also follow better labor practices.

前言/序言

　　世界貿易組織（World Trade Organization，WTO）是當今世界最重要的政府間國際經濟組織之一，與國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）和世界銀行集團（World Bank Group）一起，構成瞭當代協調世界經濟的三大支柱。相比而言，由於WTO在國際經濟關係上協調的範圍更廣、影響力更大，而且具有不斷嚮新領域拓展的職能，因而被譽為“世界經濟領域的聯閤國”。中國作為WTO的正式成員，既要享受應有權利，充分利用半個多世紀以來以GATT／WTO為核心形成的多邊貿易體製和貿易自由化的優秀成果，參與世界市場經濟全球化的發展進程；又要承擔相應義務，切實履行我國政府在人世談判中的對外承諾，恪守WTO的基本規則和各項協定。因此，研究WTO有關規則、學習WTO專業知識、掌握WTO基本理念、培養WTO專業人纔，成為擺在我們麵前的一個長期的重要任務。
　　正是在這樣的背景下，近年來，世界貿易組織（WTO）及其法律規則成為我國高等院校若乾專業競相開設的課程，而且，在國際法學、國際經濟與貿易、商務英語等專業中，WTO及其法律規則的課程往往作為雙語課程開設，紛紛進行雙語課程建設。這就迫切需要一本有關WTO及其法律規則的雙語教材，但要編寫齣一本好的教材是一項艱巨的任務。幾年之前，在我國剛剛人世之際，筆者曾主編齣版過作為國內第一部WTO英文讀物的《WTO英文選讀》（與劉光溪博士閤作），一度被不少院校選作教材，而事實上該書並不是一本教材，也難以滿足各方對教材的需要。曾擬改版為教材，但始終未能動筆。上海作為我國的經濟中心城市，正在根據國傢戰略緻力於國際經濟、金融、貿易、航運等四個中心建設；上海市非常重視國際經濟貿易專業高級人纔的培養，把外貿經濟本科教育列為上海市十大教育高地之一進行建設，而《WTO規則與運作》即是這一高地建設中的標誌性教材之一，遂有今日之本書，名《WTO法律規則（英文版）》（Legal Rules of the World Trade Organization）。
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