The 1793 British embassy to China, which led to Lord George Macartney’s fraught encounter with the Qianlong emperor, has often been viewed as a clash of cultures fueled by the East’s disinterest in the West. In The Perils of Interpreting, Henrietta Harrison presents a more nuanced picture, ingeniously shifting the historical lens to focus on Macartney’s two interpreters at that meeting—Li Zibiao and George Thomas Staunton. Who were these two men? How did they intervene in the exchanges that they mediated? And what did these exchanges mean for them? From Galway to Chengde, and from political intrigues to personal encounters, Harrison reassesses a pivotal moment in British-China relations. She shows that there were Chinese who were familiar with the West, but growing tensions endangered those who embraced both cultures and would eventually culminate in the Opium Wars.
Harrison demonstrates that the Qing court’s ignorance about the British did not simply happen, but was manufactured through the repression of cultural go-betweens like Li and Staunton. She traces Li’s influence as Macartney’s interpreter, the pressures Li faced in China as a result, and his later years in hiding. Staunton interpreted successfully for the British East India Company in Canton, but as Chinese anger grew against British imperial expansion in South Asia, he was compelled to flee to England. Harrison contends that in silencing expert voices, the Qing court missed an opportunity to gain insights that might have prevented a losing conflict with Britain.
Uncovering the lives of two overlooked figures, The Perils of Interpreting offers a valuable argument for cross-cultural understanding in a better-connected world.
##“以小见大”的微观史作品,主角是早已成为历史注脚的两位译者。作者从史料中回溯了小斯当东和李自标的一生,从两位译者的角度分析了当时中英两国的文化碰撞。前者因怕遭迫害而离开中国,从此以后再也没有来过中国,后者则在东躲西藏中度完余生。翻译并不是一件容易的事,尤其是在两国外交之时,译者首当其冲,两头不讨好,稍有不慎便会酿成不可挽回的后果,他们的选择甚至可以影响两个国家的关系。但译者又是极易被忽视的群体。即使是在今日,李和小斯当东的经历也极为不平凡,而两人之间的跨越山海的友谊则证明:只要我们认真倾听、共情和了解彼此,我们就能一起创建互相连接、和平对话的世界。
评分##非常适合推荐给本科生的描述类史学研究。史料详实,细节丰富,连大斯当东在Batavia下船给儿子买了个黑皮肤奴隶、小斯当东通过在广东给洋行商人放“高利贷”获利然后投资英国国债发大财这种细节都讲到了。作者把自己的分析揉在叙事中,试图让材料自己说话,但阅读过程中还是希望有个声音跳出来告诉我这些细节为什么重要。作者认为乾隆时期清-英外交的摩擦、第一次鸦片战争的失败确实可以归因于清帝国和英国缺乏对彼此的认识,但并不是说两个帝国内所有人都对外邦不了解,而是关于外邦语言、军事的信息无法传递到统治者和外交官那里。对于英国来说,社会阶级的分化导致精英阶级不会想到从水手、码头小旅馆经营者那里学习语言;对于清来说,掌握太多关于外邦的信息的人往往会被皇帝怀疑忠诚度,导致林则徐在给道光帝的奏折中选择性地汇报英国军情。
评分##译者=背叛的历史渊源,在關詩珮的书里有所领略。作者所谓的「危险」,主要和译者掌握的域外知识有关;而轻视贬低文献以外的口头知识(包括口译),间接导致当权者无知蒙昧,埋下了悲剧的种子。一种抹平差异、倾向调和的翻译范式(李自标、斯当东)逐渐被强调文明等级的典范取代。叙事流畅,部分英文断句有小错,前半部勾勒十八世纪欧亚天主教往来,英国上流社会的教育,很新奇。李自始至终的动力源自虔诚,翻译夹带「私货」险酿大祸,后半生东躲西藏令人动容。斯当东在仕途上郁郁不得志,被视为chinoiserie奇观的一部分,似是区域研究学者从政的某种写照。
评分##有些沧桑变换感的。另外,当读者在上帝视角看着当初清庭和官僚们的态度,就会觉得很可笑也很可怜。大清亡了?
评分1. 史料翔实,句句有出处。 2. (世界)历史真的不像我脑瓜里记得的那样简单。eg.虎门销烟 3. Dont kill the msger, 同理,dont kill the interpreter. eg.签订《NJ条约》时,我方没有自带口译员,因为不敢接活。美在叙利亚行动的口译员。 4. 李自标和小斯当东的经历,放在今天也是不多的。
评分##应当是掌握了相当多的一手史料
评分##今天我们的外交翻译足够好吗?作者说英国人可能还是听不懂翻译官总的古代表达,以及比较让人困惑的某理论术语翻译……读完有些难过。不管你做了什么,那不过是夏天里飘过的一朵云……鸦片战争的爆发就是因为贸易逆差导致,是不可避免的。双方好译者的缺失只是加速事情的发生一点点……
评分##沈艾娣对于翻译的看法让我很受震动,她的人文关怀也很让我感动。缺点就是叙事有点琐碎吧,尤其是马嘎尔尼使团那一段看得挺痛苦的。对翻译史是越来越感兴趣啦,作者能把一个小题目做得这么大真的超厉害!接下来要抓紧去看看关诗珮那本书啦~
评分1. 史料翔实,句句有出处。 2. (世界)历史真的不像我脑瓜里记得的那样简单。eg.虎门销烟 3. Dont kill the msger, 同理,dont kill the interpreter. eg.签订《NJ条约》时,我方没有自带口译员,因为不敢接活。美在叙利亚行动的口译员。 4. 李自标和小斯当东的经历,放在今天也是不多的。
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