內容簡介
《投資學精要(第8版)(英文版)》由美國三位著名的金融學教授博迪、凱恩、馬庫斯撰寫,是美國商學院和管理學院的教材,在世界各國都有很大的影響,被廣泛采用。本書詳細講解瞭投資領域中的風險組織理論、資本資産定價模型、套利定價理論、市場有效性、證券評估、衍生證券等重要內容。本書闡述詳盡,結構清楚,設計獨特,語言生動活潑,學生易於理解,內容上注重理論與實踐的結閤。
《投資學精要(第8版)(英文版)》適閤作為金融專業高年級本科生、研究生、MBA教材,也可供金融領域的研究人員,從業人員參考。
目錄
第1部分 投資要素
第1章 投資:背景與要點
第2章 資産類彆與金融工具
第3章 證券市場
第4章 共同基金和其他投資公司
第2部分 投資組閤理論
第5章 風險與迴報:曆史與序幕
第6章 有效的分散化
第7章 資本資産定價模型與套利定價理論
第8章 有效市場假說
第9章 行為金融與技術分析
第3部分 債務證券
第10章 債券的價格與收益
第11章 債券資産組閤的管理
第4部分 證券分析
第12章 宏觀經濟分析與行業分析
第13章 股權估價
第14章 財務報錶分析
第5部分 衍生市場
第15章 期權市場
第16章 期權定價
第17章 期貨市場與風險管理
第6部分 積極的資産組閤管理
第19章 全球化與國際投資
第21章 稅收、通貨膨脹與投資戰略
附錄A
附錄B
精彩書摘
2.2 The Bond Market
The bond market is composed of longer-term borrowing or debt instruments than those that trade in the money market. This market includes Treasury notes and bonds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, mortgage securities, and federal agency debt.
These instruments are sometimes said to comprise the fixed-income capital market,because most of them promise either a fixed stream of income or stream of income that is determined according to a specified formula. In practice, these formulas can result in a flow of income that is far from fixed. Therefore, the term “fixed income” is probably not fully appropriate. It is simpler and more straightforward to call these securities either debt instruments or bonds.
Treasurv Notes and Bonds
The U.S. government borrows funds in large part by selling Treasury notes and bonds. T-notes are issued with original maturities ranging up to 10 years, while T-bonds are issued with maturities ranging from 10 to 30 years. Both bonds and notes may be issued in increments of $100, but far more commonly trade in denominations of $1,000. Both bonds and notes make semiannual interest payments called coupon payments, so named because in precomputer days, investors would literally clip a coupon attached to the bond and present it to receive the interest payment.
Figure 2.4 is an excerpt from a listing of Treasury issues in The Wall Street Journal Online.The highlighted bond matures in February 2015. The coupon income or interest paid by the bond is 4% of par value, meaning that for a $1,000 face value bond, $40 in annual interest payments will be made in two semi annulments of $20 each. The numbers to the right of the colon in the bid and ask prices represent units of 1/32 of a point.
The bid price of the highlighted bond is 105 20/32, or 105.625. The asked price is 105 22/32, or 105.6875. Although bonds are typically traded in denominations of $1,000 par value, the prices are quoted as a percentage of par value. Thus, the asked price of 105.6875 should be interpreted as 105.6875% of par or $1,056.875 for the $1,000 par value bond. Similarly, the bond could be sold to a dealer for $1,056.25. The +29 change means the closing price on this day rose 29/32 (as a percentage of par value) from the previous day's closing price. Finally, the yield to maturity on the bond based on the ask price is 3.017%.
The yield to maturity reported in the last column is a measure of the annualized rate of return to an investor who buys the bond and holds it until maturity.lt accounts for both coupon income as well as the difference between the purchase price of the bond and its final value of $1,000 at maturity. We discuss the yield to maturity in detail in Chapter 10.
Inffation-Protected Treasurv Bonds
The best place to start building an investment portfolio is at the least risky end of the spectrum. Around the world, governments of many countries,including the U.S., have issued bonds that are linked to an index of the cost of living in order to provide their citizens with an effective way to hedge inflation risk.
In the United States, inflation-protected Treasury bonds are called TIPS (Treasury Inflation Protected Securities). The principal amount on these bonds is adjusted in proportion to increases in the Consumer Price Index. Therefore, they provide a constant stream of income in real (inflation-adjusted) dollars, and the realinterest rates you eam on these securities are risk-free if you hold them to maturity. An i following the bond's maturity date in Figure 2.4 denotes that the bond is an inflation-indexed TIPS bond, and you will see that the reponed yields on these bonds are lowef than those on surrounding conventional Treasuries. Compare, for example, the reported yield on the January 2015i bond, 1.820%, to the 3.017% yield on the February 2015 bond that precedes it. The yields on TIPS bonds should be inter- preted as real or inflation-adjusted interest rates. We return to TIPS bonds in more detail in Chapter 10.
Federal Agency Debt
Some govemment agencies issue their own securities to finance their activities. These agencies usually are formed for public policy reasons to channel credit to a particular sector of the economy that Congress believes is not receiving adequate credit through normal private sources.
The major mortgage-related agencies are the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA, or Fannie Mae), the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA, or Ginnie Mae), and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(FHLMC, or Freddie Mac).
Although the debt of federal agencies is not explicitly insured by the federal government, it has long been assumed that the government would assist an agency nearing default. Those beliefs were validated when Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac actually encountered severe financial distress in September 2008. With both firms on the brink of insolvency, the government stepped in and put them both into conservatorship, assigned the Federal Housing Finance Agency to run the firms, but did in fact agree to make good on the firm's bonds. (Turn back to Chapter 1 for more discussion of the Fannie and Freddie failures.)
International Bonds
Many firms borrow abroad and many investors buy bonds from foreign issuers. In addition to national capital markets, there is a thriving international capital market, largely centered in London.
A Eurobond is a bond denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is issued. For example, a dollar-denominated bond sold in Britain would be called a Euro-dollar bond. Similarly, investors might speak of Euroyen bonds, yen-denominated bonds sold outside Japan. Since the new European currency is called the euro, the term Eurobond may be confusing. It is best to think of them simply as international bonds.
In contrast to bonds that are issued in foreign currencies, many firms issue bonds in foreign countries but in the currency of the investor. For example, a Yankee bond is a dollar-denominated bond sold in the U.S. by a non-U.S. issuer. Similarly, Samurai bonds are yen-denominated bonds sold in Japan by non-Japanese issuers.
Municipal Bonds
Municipal bonds (“mums”) are issued by state and local governments. They are similar to Treasury and corporate bonds, except their interest income is exempt from federal income taxation. The interest income also is exempt from state and local taxation in the issuing state. Capital gains taxes, however, must be paid on mums if the bonds mature or are sold for more than the investor's purchase price.
There are basically two types of murucipal bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the “full faith and credit” (i.e., the taxing power) of the issuer, while revenue bonds are issued to finance particular projects and are backed either by the revenues from that project or by the municipal agency operating the project. Typicalissuers of revenue bonds are airports, hospitals, and tumpike or port authorities. Revenue bonds are riskier in terms of default than general obligation bonds.
An industrial development bond is a revenue bond that is issued to finance commercial enterprises, such as the construction of a factory that can be operated by a private firm.ln effect, this device gives the firm access to the municipality's ability to borrow at tax-exempt rates, and the federal government limits the amount of these bonds that may be issued.2 Figure 2.5 plots outstanding amounts of industrial revenue bonds as well as general obligation municipal bonds.
Like Treasury bonds, municipal bonds vary widely in maturity. A good deal of the debt issued is in the form of short-term tax anticipation notes that raise funds to pay for expenses before actual collection of taxes. Other municipal debt may be long term and used to fund large capital investments. Maturities range up to 30 years.
The key feature of municipal bonds is their tax-exempt status. Because investors pay neither federal nor state taxes on the interest proceeds, they are willing to accept lower yields on these securities.
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前言/序言
《投資學精要》(第8版) 內容簡介 《投資學精要》(第8版)是一本全麵、深入且實用的投資學教材,旨在為讀者提供堅實的理論基礎和豐富的實踐指導。本書的編寫充分考慮瞭當前全球金融市場的最新發展和動態,力求在保持經典理論框架的同時,融入前沿的投資理念和分析工具。 全書圍繞著投資過程的核心環節展開,從宏觀經濟分析到具體的證券投資,再到風險管理和投資組閤的構建,層層遞進,邏輯清晰。作者以嚴謹的學術態度和生動的語言,將復雜的投資概念和模型進行剖析,使其易於理解和掌握。 核心內容概述: 宏觀經濟環境與投資決策: 本書首先強調瞭理解宏觀經濟環境對於投資決策的重要性。讀者將學習如何分析利率、通貨膨脹、經濟增長、財政政策和貨幣政策等關鍵宏觀變量,以及它們對不同資産類彆的影響。通過對宏觀經濟周期的洞察,讀者能夠更好地把握投資機會和規避潛在風險。 證券市場概覽與分析: 接著,本書詳細介紹瞭各類金融工具的市場,包括股票、債券、衍生品等。讀者將深入瞭解這些證券的定價機製、交易規則、風險特徵以及市場結構。對於股票投資,本書涵蓋瞭從公司財務報錶分析到估值技術的全麵介紹,包括內在價值評估、相對估值法以及現金流摺現模型等。對於債券投資,則深入探討瞭利率風險、信用風險以及不同類型債券的投資策略。 投資組閤理論與實踐: 投資組閤理論是本書的重要組成部分。讀者將學習馬科維茨的均值-方差模型,理解分散化投資的原理和如何構建最優的風險收益組閤。本書將重點介紹資本資産定價模型(CAPM)及其應用,以及多因子模型等更復雜的資産定價理論。通過案例分析,讀者將學會如何根據自身的風險偏好和投資目標,構建和管理一個多元化的投資組閤。 風險管理與績效評估: 風險管理貫穿於整個投資過程。本書詳細闡述瞭各種投資風險的來源,如市場風險、信用風險、流動性風險、操作風險等,並介紹瞭度量和管理這些風險的工具和技術,例如 VaR(Value at Risk)模型。同時,本書也強調瞭投資績效評估的重要性,介紹瞭各種衡量投資迴報和風險調整後收益的指標,幫助讀者客觀地評估投資策略的有效性。 行為金融學視角: 認識到投資者心理和行為對市場價格的影響,本書融入瞭行為金融學的相關內容。讀者將瞭解常見的認知偏差和情緒因素如何影響投資者的決策,以及這些偏差如何在市場中被利用或規避。這為讀者提供瞭一個更全麵的視角來理解市場波動和投資行為。 前沿投資領域探討: 除瞭傳統的投資理論和工具,本書還對一些新興的投資領域進行瞭介紹,例如對衝基金、私募股權、房地産投資信托(REITs)以及近年來備受關注的另類投資。這些內容旨在拓寬讀者的投資視野,瞭解更多元的投資選擇。 本書特點: 理論與實踐相結閤: 本書在講解抽象理論的同時,大量引用瞭現實世界的案例和數據,幫助讀者將理論知識應用於實際的投資決策中。 清晰的邏輯結構: 全書圍繞投資的核心流程設計,各章節之間銜接緊密,層層深入,使得讀者能夠係統地構建對投資學的理解。 數學工具的恰當運用: 本書在必要之處引入數學模型和統計工具,但同時注重對這些工具的直觀解釋,確保非數理背景的讀者也能理解其應用。 國際化視野: 鑒於金融市場的全球化,本書在案例和數據選擇上兼顧瞭不同國傢和地區的市場情況,為讀者提供國際化的投資視角。 更新的內容: 作為第8版,本書在內容上進行瞭充分的更新,反映瞭近些年金融市場的新發展,例如對算法交易、大數據在投資中的應用等有所涉及。 《投資學精要》(第8版)是一本不可多得的投資學入門和進階讀物,無論您是金融專業的學生、有誌於成為專業投資人士,還是希望提升個人理財能力的投資者,本書都將為您提供寶貴的知識和深刻的啓迪,幫助您在復雜的金融世界中做齣更明智的投資決策。