适读人群：拥有Java基础的对Java虚拟机有兴趣的人员。
　　通过本书你可以学到：
　　*阐释Java虚拟机与Java的关系和发展历程
　　*概览Java虚拟机整体架构，包括class文件格式、数据类型、原始类型、引用类型、运行时数据区、栈帧、浮点算法、异常等
　　*详述如何将以Java语言编写的程序转换为Java虚拟机指令集，涉及常量、局部变量、控制结构、算术运算、参数接收、方法调用、数组、操作数栈、异常处理、同步与注解等
　　*深入分析用来表示编译后的类和接口的class文件格式，主要包括ClassFile文件结构、描述符、常量池、字段、方法、属性、格式检查、代码约束与class文件校验等
　　*定义Java虚拟机启动以及类和接口的加载、链接和初始化过程
　　*阐释并列举Java虚拟机指令集

内容简介

　　《Java虚拟机规范（Java SE 8版）英文版》由Java虚拟机技术创建人撰写。《Java虚拟机规范（Java SE 8版）英文版》全面而准确地阐释了Java虚拟机各方面的细节，围绕Java虚拟机整体架构、编译器、class文件格式、加载、链接与初始化、指令集等核心主题对Java虚拟机进行全面而深入的分析，深刻揭示Java虚拟机的工作原理。《Java虚拟机规范（Java SE 8版）英文版》中完整地讲述了由Java SE 8所引入的新特性，例如对包含默认实现代码的接口方法所做的调用，以及为支持类型注解及方法参数注解而对class文件格式所做的扩展等，还阐明了class文件中各属性的含义及字节码验证的规则。
　　《Java虚拟机规范（Java SE 8版）英文版》基于Java SE 8，完整且准确地阐述Java虚拟机规范，是深度了解Java虚拟机和Java语言实现细节的极好选择。

作者简介

　　Tim Lindholm，曾是Sun公司杰出工程师。他Java虚拟机高级架构师，Java编程语言的主要贡献者之一，目前主要负责移动设备上的Java应用。在到Sun公司工作之前，他曾经在美国阿贡国家实验室和Quintus公司从事与虚拟机和运行时系统相关的工作。他拥有卡尔顿学院数学学士学位。

　　Frank Yellin，曾是Sun公司高级工程师。他是Java项目元老级成员。近十余年中，他都从事着解释型及编译型语言的运行时系统方面的工作。在到Sun公司工作之前，他在Lucid公司从事Common Lisp编译器相关的工作。他拥有哈佛大学应用数学学士学位及斯坦福大学计算机科学硕士学位。

　　Gilad Bracha，是Newspeak编程语言的创建者，曾是Sun公司杰出工程师。在到Sun公司工作之前，他在Animorphic Smalltalk System公司从事Strongtalk语言相关的工作。他拥有犹他大学计算机科学博士学位。

　　Alex Buckley，是Oracle公司Java编程语言和Java虚拟机规范负责人。他拥有伦敦帝国学院计算机技术博士学位。

前言
1 Introduction
1．1 A Bit of History
1．2 The Java Virtual Machine
1．3 Organization of the Specification
1．4 Notation
1．5 Feedback
2 The Structure of the Java Virtual Machine
2．1 The class File Format
2．2 Data Types
2．3 Primitive Types and Values
2．3．1 Integral Types and Values
2．3．2 Floating-Point Types， Value Sets， and Values
2．3．3 The returnAddress Type and Values
2．3．4 The boolean Type
2．4 Reference Types and Values
2．5 Run-Time Data Areas
2．5．1 The pc Register
2．5．2 Java Virtual Machine Stacks
2．5．3 Heap
2．5．4 Method Area
2．5．5 Run-Time Constant Pool
2．5．6 Native Method Stacks
2．6 Frames
2．6．1 Local Variables
2．6．2 Operand Stacks
2．6．3 Dynamic Linking
2．6．4 Normal Method Invocation Completion
2．6．5 Abrupt Method Invocation Completion
2．7 Representation of Objects
2．8 Floating-Point Arithmetic
2．8．1 Java Virtual Machine Floating-Point Arithmetic and IEEE 754
2．8．2 Floating-Point Modes
2．8．3 Value Set Conversion
2．9 Special Methods
2．10 Exceptions
2．11 Instruction Set Summary
2．11．1 Types and the Java Virtual Machine
2．11．2 Load and Store Instructions
2．11．3 Arithmetic Instructions
2．11．4 Type Conversion Instructions
2．11．5 Object Creation and Manipulation
2．11．6 Operand Stack Management Instructions
2．11．7 Control Transfer Instructions
2．11．8 Method Invocation and Return Instructions
2．11．9 Throwing Exceptions
2．11．10 Synchronization
2．12 Class Libraries
2．13 Public Design， Private Implementation
3 Compiling for the Java Virtual Machine
3．1 Format of Examples
3．2 Use of Constants， Local Variables， and Control Constructs
3．3 Arithmetic
3．4 Accessing the Run-Time Constant Pool
3．5 More Control Examples
3．6 Receiving Arguments
3．7 Invoking Methods
3．8 Working with Class Instances
3．9 Arrays
3．10 Compiling Switches
3．11 Operations on the Operand Stack
3．12 Throwing and Handling Exceptions
3．13 Compiling finally
3．14 Synchronization
3．15 Annotations
4 The class File Format
4．1 The ClassFile Structure
4．2 The Internal Form of Names
4．2．1 Binary Class and Interface Names
4．2．2 Unqualified Names
4．3 Descriptors
4．3．1 Grammar Notation
4．3．2 Field Descriptors
4．3．3 Method Descriptors
4．4 The Constant Pool
4．4．1 The CONSTANT_Class_info Structure
4．4．2 The CONSTANT_Fieldref_info， CONSTANT_Methodref_info， and CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info Structures
4．4．3 The CONSTANT_String_info Structure
4．4．4 The CONSTANT_Integer_info and CONSTANT_Float_info Structures
4．4．5 The CONSTANT_Long_info and CONSTANT_Double_info Structures
4．4．6 The CONSTANT_NameAndType_info Structure
4．4．7 The CONSTANT_Utf8_info Structure
4．4．8 The CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info Structure
4．4．9 The CONSTANT_MethodType_info Structure
4．4．10 The CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info Structure
4．5 Fields
4．6 Methods
4．7 Attributes
4．7．1 Defining and Naming New Attributes
4．7．2 The ConstantValue Attribute
4．7．3 The Code Attribute
4．7．4 The StackMapTable Attribute
4．7．5 The Exceptions Attribute
4．7．6 The InnerClasses Attribute
4．7．7 The EnclosingMethod Attribute
4．7．8 The Synthetic Attribute
4．7．9 The Signature Attribute
4．7．9．1 Signatures
4．7．10 The SourceFile Attribute
4．7．11 The SourceDebugExtension Attribute
4．7．12 The LineNumberTable Attribute
4．7．13 The LocalVariableTable Attribute
4．7．14 The LocalVariableTypeTable Attribute
4．7．15 The Deprecated Attribute
4．7．16 The RuntimeVisibleAnnotations Attribute
4．7．16．1 The element_value structure
4．7．17 The RuntimeInvisibleAnnotations Attribute
4．7．18 The RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations Attribute
4．7．19 The RuntimeInvisibleParameterAnnotations Attribute
4．7．20 The RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute
4．7．20．1 The target_info union
4．7．20．2 The type_path structure
4．7．21 The RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute
4．7．22 The AnnotationDefault Attribute
4．7．23 The BootstrapMethods Attribute
4．7．24 The MethodParameters Attribute
4．8 Format Checking
4．9 Constraints on Java Virtual Machine Code
4．9．1 Static Constraints
4．9．2 Structural Constraints
4．10 Verification of class Files
4．10．1 Verification by Type Checking
4．10．1．1 Accessors for Java Virtual Machine Artifacts
4．10．1．2 Verification Type System
4．10．1．3 Instruction Representation
4．10．1．4 Stack Map Frame Representation
4．10．1．5 Type Checking Abstract and Native Methods
4．10．1．6 Type Checking Methods with Code
4．10．1．7 Type Checking Load and Store Instructions
4．10．1．8 Type Checking for protected Members
4．10．1．9 Type Checking Instructions
4．10．2 Verification by Type Inference
4．10．2．1 The Process of Verification by Type Inference
4．10．2．2 The Bytecode Verifier
4．10．2．3 Values of Types long and double
4．10．2．4 Instance Initialization Methods and Newly Created Objects
4．10．2．5 Exceptions and finally
4．11 Limitations of the Java Virtual Machine
5 Loading， Linking， and Initializing
5．1 The Run-Time Constant Pool
5．2 Java Virtual Machine Startup
5．3 Creation and Loading
5．3．1 Loading Using the Bootstrap Class Loader
5．3．2 Loading Using a User-defined Class Loader
5．3．3 Creating Array Classes
5．3．4 Loading Constraints
5．3．5 Deriving a Class from a class File Representation
5．4 Linking
5．4．1 Verification
5．4．2 Preparation
5．4．3 Resolution
5．4．3．1 Class and Interface Resolution
5．4．3．2 Field Resolution
5．4．3．3 Method Resolution
5．4．3．4 Interface Method Resolution
5．4．3．5 Method Type and Method Handle Resolution
5．4．3．6 Call Site Specifier Resolution
5．4．4 Access Control
5．4．5 Overriding
5．5 Initialization
5．6 Binding Native Method Implementations
5．7 Java Virtual Machine Exit
6 The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set
6．1 Assumptions： The Meaning of "Must"
6．2 Reserved Opcodes
6．3 Virtual Machine Errors
6．4 Format of Instruction Descriptions
mnemonic
6．5 Instructions
aaload
aastore
aconst_null
aload
aload_＜n＞
anewarray
areturn
arraylength
astore
astore_＜n＞
athrow
baload
bastore
bipush
caload
castore
checkcast
d2f
d2i
d2l
dadd
daload
dastore
dcmp＜op＞
dconst_＜d＞
ddiv
dload
dload_＜n＞
dmul
dneg
drem
dreturn
dstore
dstore_＜n＞
dsub
dup
dup_x1
dup_x2
dup2
dup2_x1
dup2_x2
f2d
f2i
f2l
fadd
faload
fastore
fcmp＜op＞
fconst_＜f＞
fdiv
fload
fload_＜n＞
fmul
fneg
frem
freturn
fstore
fstore_＜n＞
fsub
getfield
getstatic
goto
goto_w
i2b
i2c
i2d
i2f
i2l
i2s
iadd
iaload
iand
iastore
iconst_＜i＞
idiv
if_acmp＜cond＞
if_icmp＜cond＞
if＜cond＞
ifnonnull
ifnull
iinc
iload
iload_＜n＞
imul
ineg
instanceof
invokedynamic
invokeinterface
invokespecial
invokestatic
invokevirtual
ior
irem
ireturn
ishl
ishr
istore
istore_＜n＞
isub
iushr
ixor
jsr
jsr_w
l2d
l2f
l2i
ladd
laload
land
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